Wyoming to Delaware: general contractor license reciprocity
Wyoming does not issue a statewide general contractor license, so there is nothing to transfer. Here is Delaware's standard path for out-of-state applicants.
Your origin state does not issue a statewide license at this level, so there is no license to transfer. The destination's standard out-of-state path is shown; expect to meet it in full.
Reference only, not legal advice. Rules change; confirm with the licensing board before you apply. Full disclaimer.
Everyone files the same registrations; an out-of-state general contractor license transfers nothing
Your out-of-state credentials give no advantage. You meet the destination's requirements from scratch.
A commercial or general contractor licensed in another state gains no advantage in Delaware and suffers no disadvantage for lacking one. There is nothing to waive: no Delaware agency examines contractors, sets an experience standard, reviews finances or recognizes a qualifying individual at this tier, and neither the tax chapter nor the Contractor Registration Act contains a reciprocity, endorsement or equivalence provision. Delaware is not one of the state agencies that accept the NASCLA Accredited Examination for Commercial General Building Contractors either. The route is the same for every contractor. Form the business or qualify it as a foreign entity, apply to the Division of Revenue for the contractor business license and pay $75, and register with the Department of Labor's Office of Contractor Registration before any work begins, paying $200 for private construction, $300 for public construction or $500 for both. Carry Delaware workers' compensation insurance, file the Department of Labor certificate of notice, and file an OSHA-compliant safety plan with the Labor registration. A contractor that does not regularly maintain a place of business in Delaware must also post a bond of six percent of any contract of $20,000 or more, or of the aggregate of contracts reaching $20,000 in a calendar year, before construction begins, and name a Delaware custodian of records and agent for service of process. On top of that, work in unincorporated New Castle County needs that county's building contractor license in the class that matches the project value.
Two Delaware quirks catch arriving commercial contractors. First, the license application must be initiated before a bid is submitted on a competitively bid contract over $50,000, or for a subcontractor before the general contractor bids, so the paperwork cannot wait until award. Second, the architect, engineer, contractor or construction manager that awards a contract to a nonresident contractor must report it to the Department of Finance within 10 days on Form 5060, with a civil penalty of up to $10,000 for each failure; the same penalty applies to missing the nonresident bond. Public works projects under the prevailing wage law at 29 Del. C. §6960 carry the higher $300 registration fee and their own wage and reporting rules. A contractor may not use an unregistered subcontractor, and doing so is a ground to suspend or revoke its own certificate of registration; a knowing violation of the Contractor Registration Act carries a civil penalty of $5,000 to $85,000 per violation. Delaware publishes no processing time for either credential. Division of Revenue Business Tax Department (302) 577-8780; Office of Contractor Registration, [email protected].
At a glance
- Trade exam
- Waived
- Law / code exam
- Not required
- Out-of-state hours
- Do not count
What you must already have
- Nothing about the applicant's trade history is examined. No examination result, experience record, education, reference, credit report or financial statement is asked for at any stage, and no individual is named as a qualifier, so an out-of-state general contractor license, a NASCLA examination transcript and decades of commercial building all carry the same weight in Delaware, which is none.Confirmed against 30 Del. C. ch. 25 and 19 Del. C. ch. 36 read in full, the One Stop contractor registration checklist and the Division of Professional Regulation's complete list of 37 boards, which contains no board for general, building or residential contractors.
- A business that does not regularly maintain a place of business in Delaware is a nonresident contractor: it posts the six percent tax bond before construction starts and names a Delaware custodian of records and agent for service of process on the Labor registration. A site trailer or similar facility used for one contract does not make a business resident, however long the contract runs.30 Del. C. §2501(3), (6) and (7) and §375(a)(1)-(2); 19 Del. C. §3605(b)(3). Where a contractor entity is a partnership or joint venture, it counts as resident if at least one constituent entity regularly maintains a Delaware place of business.
- The Labor registration application asks whether the business, or anyone with a financial interest in it, has held an interest in an entity cited for a labor law violation, has been convicted of home improvement fraud or new home construction fraud, or has been found to have engaged in an unlawful trade practice, and requires labor law violations and fraud in the last two years to be listed with dates and outcomes.19 Del. C. §3605(b)(4). The Department may deny, suspend or revoke a certificate for non-compliance, a wilful misstatement, refusing to provide requested records, performing work out of compliance, using an unregistered subcontractor or obstructing an investigation, and may require a surety bond or an administrative penalty instead; appeals go to the Secretary of Labor and then to Superior Court.
What you'll do to get licensed in Delaware
- 1Business license. Obtain a business license ($75). Delaware contractor business license from the Division of Revenue, required of any person or entity engaging in business in the State as a contractor, whether general contractor or subcontractor and whether resident or nonresident. The fee is $75, the license runs to January 1 and renews annually by December 31, and most licenses are pro-ratable in the first year. Apply through Delaware One Stop or a Combined Registration Application. On a competitively bid contract over $50,000 the application must be initiated before the bid. The Division will not issue the license until the nonresident bond obligation under 30 Del. C. §375 is met, a Delaware Department of Labor certificate of notice is filed, and a certificate of workers' compensation insurance or qualified self-insurer status is filed..
- 2Business license. Obtain a business license ($200). Contractor Registration Certificate from the Department of Labor's Office of Contractor Registration, required before performing construction services or maintenance in Delaware. One-year fees are $200 for private construction, $300 for public construction and $500 for both; after two consecutive registered years, a contractor with no labor law violations who renews before expiry may take a two-year certificate for $300 (private) or $500 (public). The application asks for tax identification numbers, NAICS codes, business details, contacts for everyone with a financial interest, the Delaware business license number, proof of Delaware workers' compensation coverage, the unemployment insurance SUI number, an OSHA-compliant safety plan and the labor and fraud disclosures. Renewal is possible only in the 90 days before expiry, the certificate is not transferable, and letting it lapse means applying again as a first-time applicant..
- 3Surety bond. Post a surety bond (if applicable). Non-Resident Contractor Bond for a contractor that does not regularly maintain a place of business in Delaware: six percent of the contract or subcontract price on any contract of $20,000 or more, six percent of estimated cost and profit under a cost-plus contract of that size, or six percent of the aggregate where two or more contracts in a calendar year reach $20,000. It is filed with the Division of Revenue on the Division's own form before construction begins, and a cash bond or a bank letter of credit approved by the Director of Revenue may be accepted instead. The Secretary of Finance may waive it in whole or in part where no bond is needed to protect state tax revenue, and issues a project certificate of compliance on request. The bond secures Delaware income and withholding taxes, license fees and unemployment contributions; it is not a performance bond. The contractor must notify the Department within 20 days of completing each Delaware project. Bonding questions: (302) 577-8167..
- 4Insurance. Carry the required insurance. Delaware workers' compensation insurance, evidenced by a certificate filed with the Division of Revenue before the business license is issued, or a Department of Labor certificate showing the business is a qualified self-insurer. The policy number and a digital copy are uploaded again with the Contractor Registration application, together with the Delaware unemployment insurance SUI number..
- 5Other. A certificate of notice from the Delaware Department of Labor confirming that the business has notified the Department that it has entered, or will enter, contracts to perform labor, or labor and materials, on a Delaware construction project. The Division of Revenue may not issue the contractor business license without it..
- 6Other. A written safety plan compliant with Occupational Safety and Health Administration requirements, or evidence that a compliant plan is being created, filed with the Contractor Registration application..
- 7Other. Gross receipts tax on construction receipts: a license fee of 0.6472 percent of aggregate gross receipts, with the first $100,000 each month exempt, due by the twentieth of the following month, or quarterly with a $300,000 deduction where lookback-period receipts do not exceed $1,500,000. Sums paid to licensed subcontractors under a written agreement stating the exact sums payable are excluded and are reported on Form 1280. All branches or entities of an enterprise under common ownership or control share a single monthly or quarterly deduction. Real estate developers compute gross receipts differently, deducting land and site costs or electing a flat 30 percent of gross proceeds..
- 8Other. Form 5060, Statement of Contracts Awarded, filed with the Department of Finance within 10 days of entering a contract with a nonresident contractor or subcontractor, stating the total value of the contracts and the names and addresses of the parties. The duty falls on the architect, professional engineer, contractor or construction manager awarding the work, so a general contractor moving to Delaware takes it on for its own out-of-state subcontractors. The civil penalty is up to $10,000 for each occurrence..
- 9Other. A New Castle County permit endorsed building contractor license for work in the unincorporated county, in the class that matches the project value: Class C up to $50,000 with a $25,000 bond, Class B up to $100,000 with a $50,000 bond, Class A up to $200,000 with a $150,000 bond, or Class U for unlimited value with a $200,000 bond, on the county's own Statutory Compliance Bond form. The 2026 fee is $410, and liability insurance of at least $250,000 per occurrence with a $500,000 aggregate must name the county's Department of Land Use as certificate holder. There is no county examination. (if applicable).
- 10Other. Separate Delaware trade licenses where the work calls for them. Neither the business license nor the contractor registration authorizes licensed trade work: electricians are licensed by the Board of Electrical Examiners, plumbers and HVACR contractors by the Board of Plumbing, Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Examiners, and elevator mechanics and manufactured home installers by their own boards within the Division of Professional Regulation. A general contractor satisfies these by employing or subcontracting to the correctly licensed firm, and every subcontractor must hold its own Delaware contractor registration. (if applicable).
What you'll need to buy or arrange
Business registration
If you plan to contract in your own name, budget for a business license or entity registration on top of the trade license.
- Business license · $75
- Business license · $200
Surety bond
A license or contractor bond is bought from a surety, not the state. Price is a small percentage of the bond amount and depends on your credit.
- Surety bond · if applicable
- Other · if applicable
Liability insurance
Some states require proof of general liability or workers' compensation coverage at licensing time.
- Insurance
How Delaware licenses general contractors
Delaware general contractor · “Delaware contractor business license (Division of Revenue) plus Contractor Registration Certificate (Department of Labor)”
Statewide license
Delaware has no general, commercial or unlimited building contractor license and no state board that examines builders. The Division of Professional Regulation's 37 boards cover electricians, plumbers and HVACR contractors, elevator mechanics, architects, home inspectors and manufactured home installers, but nothing for general or building contractors, so there is no competency credential at this tier and no trade or business-and-law examination to sit. The two credentials Delaware does require are entity-held and are both about revenue and labor compliance rather than skill. The contractor business license from the Division of Revenue is a tax registration: $75 a year plus a gross receipts tax on construction receipts, and the Division states plainly that the license 'is not a regulatory license and the issuance of such license does not attest to the qualifications of the applicant to perform the activity described on such license.' The Contractor Registration Certificate from the Department of Labor's Office of Contractor Registration is required of every business doing construction services or maintenance before work begins, and it checks workers' compensation, the state business license and an OSHA-compliant safety plan. A contractor without a Delaware place of business is a nonresident contractor and posts a tax bond of six percent of contracts of $20,000 or more. Project-size classification exists only locally: unincorporated New Castle County grades building contractor licenses from Class C to unlimited Class U by project value and surety bond.
How local licensing works in Delaware
New Castle County. The Department of Land Use licenses contractors working in unincorporated New Castle County, and for commercial building this is the only classification tier in Delaware. A permit endorsed license is required of anyone whose construction activity needs a permit, including building contractors; a non-permit endorsed license covers NAICS Sector 23 construction activity that needs no permit. The county excludes electrical contractors, who hold the state electrician license instead, businesses solely engaged in subdivision and land development, DelDOT right-of-way heavy utility work, and maintenance employees of state-owned facilities. Building contractor classes are set by project value and surety bond, not by examination: Class U, unlimited project value, $200,000 bond; Class A, up to $200,000, $150,000 bond; Class B, up to $100,000, $50,000 bond; Class C, up to $50,000, $25,000 bond. The bond must be executed on the county's own unmodified Statutory Compliance Bond form, and the business name on the bond must match the license application exactly. Also required: a current Delaware business license (the Division of Revenue's temporary resident or non-resident contractor license is accepted), a certificate of liability insurance of at least $250,000 for injury or death to one person and property damage in one occurrence, with a $500,000 aggregate for two or more persons, naming NCC Department of Land Use License Processing, 87 Reads Way, New Castle DE 19720 as certificate holder, and an optional Identification of Authorized Agents form. The 2026 fee is $410, made up of a $400 license fee and a $10 ICC digital code access fee that gives the contractor online access to the county's adopted codes. Apply online; Department of Land Use, (302) 395-5420, [email protected]. Check the county parcel search first, because incorporated municipalities fall outside county jurisdiction.
Kent County. Levy Court issues building permits and publishes project-specific requirement sheets. It publishes no county contractor license. Planning Services, (302) 744-2451.
Sussex County. A Sussex County building permit is required for all construction, new, remodeling or additions, whether the site is in a municipality or in the unincorporated county, and plans must be presented for commercial buildings. The county publishes no contractor license. Building Permit Office, Georgetown, (302) 855-7720.
Wilmington and other municipalities. A business operating inside Wilmington needs a city business license as well as the state one, and bidding city work also means filing a vendor application; the city's permit rules refer to work by a City of Wilmington license holder, so ask the Department of Licenses and Inspections what your scope needs. Wage/Business License Division (302) 576-2415; permits, [email protected] or 302-576-3050. Delaware's other incorporated towns set their own business license rules.
Why Wyoming has nothing to transfer
Wyoming general contractor
Licensed by cities and counties
Wyoming has no state general, commercial or building contractor license and no state board that examines or qualifies builders, so there is nothing at state level for an out-of-state general contractor's license to transfer into. The state's professional licensing boards cover health, design and a handful of other professions and include no contractor board; the one construction trade licensed statewide is electrical work, through the Department of Fire Prevention and Electrical Safety, and plumbing, mechanical and building work are licensed city by city. Most of the larger cities issue a Class A general contractor license that covers any type or size of structure and expect a real qualification for it: Cheyenne requires a qualified supervisor with seven years and 14,000 hours plus a Board-approved examination, Sheridan requires the 2018 ICC G11(A) or G12(B) examination with four years as a journeyman carpenter and a $25,000 bond, Jackson requires eight years of extensive commercial work including three buildings of at least two stories, and Gillette requires an ICC-certified Master of Record and a $500 application. Inside Wyoming those licenses now travel: W.S. 16-6-1101 requires every county, city and town that licenses contractors to recognize an active, good-standing license of a similar type or class from another Wyoming jurisdiction, and forbids the new jurisdiction from making the contractor test again once proof of the ICC examination or an equivalent is produced. That statute covers Wyoming-issued licenses only, so a commercial builder arriving from another state qualifies in full in the first Wyoming jurisdiction and then leans on the statute for the rest.
How local licensing works in Wyoming
How it works in Wyoming. No Wyoming agency issues a general, commercial, building or unlimited contractor license, and there is no state qualifying party, business-and-law examination or financial responsibility test. Cities and towns run the licensing, and the qualification is usually an ICC contractor examination plus documented experience. W.S. 16-6-1101 then makes those licenses portable within the state: 'each county, city, town and other government entity that issues licenses to contractors shall recognize a license issued to a contractor by another county, city, town or other government entity in Wyoming', provided the license is active, the contractor is in good standing with the issuing jurisdiction and supplies any required proof of financial assurance, and provided the contractor produces 'proof of the successful completion of the international code council examination for contractor, plumbing, mechanical or another appropriate examination, or an equivalent'; on that proof, 'no contractor shall be required to complete any testing in the accepting jurisdiction for recognition of the license.' Recognition is owed only for a license 'of a similar type or class', a jurisdiction may still require its own application, testing and fees for work beyond the scope of the original license or not at an equivalent level of competency, and it may deny a contractor whose license it has previously revoked or suspended. Nothing in the statute reaches a license issued outside Wyoming.
Cheyenne. The Class A General Contractor license 'entitles the holder to apply for permits for the construction, alteration, or repair of any type or size of structure, provided he/she employs properly licensed sub-contractors for all trades' - electrical, plumbing, refrigeration, HVAC and fire suppression must be subcontracted to their own licensees. The license is held by the company and qualified by a Class A qualified supervisor employed full time, who needs 'seven (7) years with fourteen thousand (14,000) hours comprehensive experience and/or education acceptable to the Board' and must pass an examination from the Board's list, administered by the ICC, NICET, NASCLA or another approved testing agency; the Board may also approve tests that exceed its published list for an applicant who holds an equivalent current license in another jurisdiction. A qualified supervisor may represent only one contractor, and a company that loses theirs has thirty days to register a replacement. Class A insurance is $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate with the City of Cheyenne as certificate holder, plus Wyoming workers' compensation where required. Fees are $50 application, $600 initial and $200 renewal, with no credit for fees paid on a lower class when upgrading. Temporary work authorizations are available while an examination is pending. The Board's rules record that the Wyoming reciprocity statute covers 'jurisdictions in Wyoming ONLY' and that it evaluates such licenses case by case.
Casper. Community Development issues General and Sub Contractor licenses, and the filing is the application, notarized experience affidavits and proof of testing, with a certificate of insurance and the fee due before issue; the city points applicants to ICC testing. Its reciprocal contractor license explicitly covers General Contracting 'under the License Classification that the applicant currently holds within another Wyoming Jurisdiction', on documentation that the other Wyoming license is current and in good standing and proof of testing comparable to what Casper requires. Only Wyoming jurisdictions count. Insurance minimums quoted for the affected classifications are $250,000 per person, $500,000 aggregate and $250,000 property damage. The mechanical and plumbing licenses that sit under a general contractor each require a full-time master with ICC testing and cost $300 new and $150 to renew. Confirm general-contractor class letters, experience thresholds and fees with the Chief Building Official on (307) 235-8254 or [email protected].
Laramie. 'All general contractors working in Laramie are required to be licensed', and the electrical, mechanical, plumbing, lawn sprinkler, fire protection, gas service, water and sewer, refrigeration and petroleum piping trades are separately licensed down to apprentice level. The city uses a General Contractor Verification of Experience form and follows ICC standards, on the 2024 ICC code cycle since 1 September 2024. 'All required permits and licenses must be obtained before any work begins', and every contractor license expires on December 31, with renewals opening on November 15. Insurance limits, bond amounts and fees are not published on the licensing page; ask Code Administration.
Gillette. The Class A General Contractor license 'may construct, alter, add to, repair, or demolish any type or size of structure permitted by the adopted codes', and Class B stops at four-family dwellings of three stories or less and commercial buildings up to 5,000 square feet. Licensing applies whatever the size or duration of the job and whether or not a permit is needed. The company designates a Master of Record who is an owner or full-time employee and who 'shall be tested and certified through ICC and hold the appropriate certificate for the class of license', with sixty days to replace one who leaves. The Class A application fee is $500, licenses run one year, Class A liability insurance is $1,000,000 per occurrence and $2,000,000 aggregate, and an original license and permit bond of at least $5,000 naming the City of Gillette as obligee must stay in force for the term. Wyoming corporate registration in active and good standing is required of Wyoming and out-of-state contractors alike, along with Wyoming workers' compensation and unemployment insurance. Applications go before a Board of Examiners on published meeting dates; Building Inspection is on (307) 686-5260.
Sheridan. The Commercial Contractor license, $200 a year, allows the holder to 'construct, alter, remodel, repair any commercial, residential, or other building within the City of Sheridan' plus excavation work, and 'a Commercial Contractor shall not be limited to any building type.' Qualifications are the 2018 G11(A) or G12(B) ICC examination, a four-year journeyman carpenter verification, a two-year project verification, a $1,000,000 liability insurance certificate and a $25,000 license and permit bond. Subcontractors must be licensed in their own trades, with $1,000,000 liability and a $10,000 bond each; plumbing and HVAC companies also carry a Master of Record, and electrical contractors must hold the state license. Renewal is annual from the issue date, with a $100 delinquency fee and re-application, including examination, after a year lapsed. Note the tension worth raising before you apply: the city's packet says it 'does not accept licensing from other cities, towns, counties, or states as a means to obtain licensing locally', while W.S. 16-6-1101 requires Wyoming jurisdictions to recognize another Wyoming jurisdiction's active license on proof of the ICC or an equivalent examination. Ask the Building Division how it applies the statute.
Jackson and Teton County. The Town of Jackson's General Contractor (Class A) license covers 'construction, alteration or repair of any type or size of structure' and calls for '8 years of extensive commercial work', including three buildings 'at least two stories in height', with the ICC National Contractor/Trades examination on the 2018 I-Codes; the Class B license covers commercial and residential buildings not exceeding three stories on four years of experience including three buildings over 5,000 square feet. Licenses expire annually on December 31 and are handled in the SmartGov portal, where insurance and bond documents are uploaded, and the town publishes no bond form of its own. Jackson offers reciprocity to a contractor 'currently licensed and in good standing in a Wyoming jurisdiction that meets our licensing requirements.' In unincorporated Teton County there is no county license: the building codes resolution requires that 'contractors performing work requiring a permit under this code shall be required to be licensed and have in their possession a contractor's license issued by the Town of Jackson, Wyoming.' County permits and inspections are handled by Planning & Building Services on (307) 733-3959.
Everywhere else. Other Wyoming cities and towns set their own classes and thresholds, and some smaller jurisdictions require only a permit. Ask each building department which class covers the work, and where you already hold a Wyoming license, ask about recognition under W.S. 16-6-1101 before paying for another examination.
- Cheyenne (Contractor Licensing Board - Class A General Contractor and Class B Building Contractor)
- Casper (Community Development - General and Sub Contractor and reciprocal contractor licenses)
- Laramie (Code Administration - general contractor licensing)
- Gillette (Building Inspection Division - Class A General Contractor, ICC Master of Record)
- Sheridan (Building Division - Commercial Contractor license, ICC G11(A) or G12(B) exam)
- Jackson (Building Department - General Contractor Class A, any type or size of structure)
- Teton County (unincorporated - requires a Town of Jackson contractor license)
Common questions
- Do I have to take the Delaware general contractor exam if I'm licensed in Wyoming?
- No. The trade exam is waived on this path.
- Do my Wyoming work hours count in Delaware?
- No. Delaware does not credit out-of-state hours on this path.
- Does it work the other way, from Delaware to Wyoming?
- Not necessarily. Reciprocity is directed. Going from Delaware to Wyoming, the mechanism is not applicable.
Sources
- 19 Del. C. ch. 36 - Delaware Contractor Registration Act · 19 Del. C. §§3601-3611 · Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Online · Statute · verified September 17, 2026
- 30 Del. C. §375 - Furnishing of bonds by foreign persons or firms (nonresident contractor bond) · 30 Del. C. §375 · Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Online · Statute · verified September 17, 2026
- 30 Del. C. ch. 25 - Contractors' License Requirements and Taxes · 30 Del. C. §§2501-2503 · Delaware General Assembly, Delaware Code Online · Statute · verified September 17, 2026
- Registered Construction Contractors in Delaware (public registry) · Delaware Department of Labor, Office of Contractor Registration · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- Delaware Division of Professional Regulation - Boards and Commissions (complete list) · Delaware Department of State, Division of Professional Regulation · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- Kent County Levy Court - What Information Do I Need for a Building Permit? · Kent County, Delaware, Levy Court · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- New Castle County - 2026 Building Contractor Requirements (permit endorsed building contractors) · New Castle County, Delaware, Department of Land Use · Form · verified September 17, 2026
- New Castle County Department of Land Use - Contractor Licensing · New Castle County, Delaware, Department of Land Use · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- Delaware One Stop - Contractors Registration · 19 Del. C. ch. 36 · State of Delaware, Delaware One Stop (Department of Labor, Office of Contractor Registration) · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- Delaware Division of Revenue - Business Licenses · Delaware Department of Finance, Division of Revenue · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- Delaware Division of Revenue - Tax Tips for Contractors and Real Estate Developers Conducting Business in Delaware · 30 Del. C. ch. 25 · Delaware Department of Finance, Division of Revenue · Other · verified September 17, 2026
- Delaware Division of Revenue - Contractors (Resident and Non-Resident) · Delaware Department of Finance, Division of Revenue · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- Delaware Division of Revenue - Non-Resident Contractor Bond form · 30 Del. C. §375 · Delaware Department of Finance, Division of Revenue · Form · verified September 17, 2026
- Sussex County - Building Permits and Licenses · Sussex County, Delaware · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- City of Wilmington - Doing Business in the City of Wilmington · City of Wilmington, Delaware · Agency Page · verified September 17, 2026
- NASCLA Accredited Examination for Commercial General Building Contractors · National Association of State Contractors Licensing Agencies · Other · verified September 17, 2026
Verified dates are when a person last opened each source and confirmed the facts above. Cite the board, not us.